1. CBV

FBV：    url("index/",index) # index(request)    url("index/(\d+)",index) # index(request,5)    url("index/(?P\d
    
     \d+)",index)# index(request,name=bender)        def index(request):pass        CBV:    url("index/",IndexView.as_view())         from django.views import View    class IndexView(View):         def get(self,request):             pass         def post(self,request):             pass
    

2. APIView

from rest_framework.views import APIViewclass APIView(View):        def as_view():             view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)   #  self.dispatch            def dispatch():         # 重新封装request         request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)         self.request = request                 # 初始化操作        self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)                    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: 　　　　　　　            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),self.http_method_not_allowed) 　　　　　　            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)   # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)

3. 序列化组件

class BookViewSet(ModelViewSet):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers

from rest_framework import serializersclass PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = Publish        fields = '__all__'

4. 视图

方法一:最原始的方法

from rest_framework import serializersclass BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):      class Meta:          model=Book          fields="__all__"class BookViewSet(APIView):    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):        book_list=Book.objects.all()        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})        return Response(bs.data)    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):        print(request.data)        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)        if bs.is_valid():            print(bs.validated_data)            bs.save()            return Response(bs.data)        else:            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):    def get(self,request,pk):        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request})        return Response(bs.data)    def put(self,request,pk):        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})        if bs.is_valid():            bs.save()            return Response(bs.data)        else:            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

方法二:mixin类编写视图

from rest_framework import mixinsfrom rest_framework import genericsclass BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,                  generics.GenericAPIView):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,                    generics.GenericAPIView):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

方法三:使用通用的基于类的视图

from rest_framework import mixinsfrom rest_framework import genericsclass BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializersclass BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers

终极方法:viewsets.ModelViewSet

url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"),url(r'^books/(?P
    
     \d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({                                        'get': 'retrieve',                                        'put': 'update',                                        'patch': 'partial_update',                                        'delete': 'destroy'}),                                        name="book_detail"),视图部分:class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    

5. 认证组件

class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):    def authenticate(self,request):        token=request._request.GET.get("token")        token_obj=UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()        if not token_obj:            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败!")        return (token_obj.user,token_obj)

6. 权限组件

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermissionclass SVIPPermission(BasePermission):    message="SVIP才能访问!"    def has_permission(self, request, view):        if request.user.user_type==3:            return True        return False

7. 频率组件

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle, SimpleRateThrottleimport timeVISITED_RECORD = {}class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):    def __init__(self):        self.history = None    def allow_request(self, request, view):        print(self.get_ident(request))        visit_ip = self.get_ident(request)        ctime = time.time()        # 第一次访问        if visit_ip not in VISITED_RECORD:            VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip] = [ctime]            return True        self.history = VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip]  # 当前请求IP的记录列表        # 第二/三次访问        if len(VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip]) < 3:            VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].insert(0, ctime)            return True        if ctime - VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip][-1] > 60:            VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].pop()            VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].insert(0, ctime)            print("ok")            return True        return False    def wait(self):        import time        ctime = time.time()        return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1])class VisitThrottles(SimpleRateThrottle):    scope = "xxx"    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):        return self.get_ident(request)

8. 解析器

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParserclass PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):    parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]    queryset = Publish.objects.all()    serializer_class = PublshSerializers    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        print("request.data",request.data)

9. 分页

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPaginationclass PNPagination(PageNumberPagination):        page_size = 1        page_query_param = 'page'        page_size_query_param = "size"        max_page_size = 5class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = Book.objects.all()    serializer_class = BookSerializers    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):        book_list=Book.objects.all()        pp=LimitOffsetPagination()        pager_books=pp.paginate_queryset(queryset=book_list,request=request,view=self)        print(pager_books)        bs=BookSerializers(pager_books,many=True)        #return Response(bs.data)        return pp.get_paginated_response(bs.data)

10. 路由

from django.conf.urls import url, includefrom snippets import viewsfrom rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter# 创建路由器并注册我们的视图。router = DefaultRouter()router.register(r'snippets', views.SnippetViewSet)router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)# API URL现在由路由器自动确定。# 另外，我们还要包含可浏览的API的登录URL。urlpatterns = [    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))]

11. 响应器

from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer, JSONRenderer  # 响应器组件